Our Latest Publications

Peer-reviewed Publications

*Corresponding author, =Equal contribution

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46.  A. Adamson, K. Tuul, T. Bötticher, S. Azam, M. D. L. Garayt, and M. Metzger*, “Improving Lithium-ion Cells by Replacing Polyethylene Terephthalate Jellyroll Tape”, Nature Materials (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01673-3.

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45.  H. Hijazi,= Z. Ye,= L. Zhang, J. Deshmukh, M. B. Johnson, J. R. Dahn, and M. Metzger*, “Impact of Sodium Metal Plating on Cycling Performance of Layered Oxide/Hard Carbon Sodium-ion Pouch Cells with Different Voltage Cut-offs”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 170 070512 (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ace4fa.

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44.  L. Zhang, J. Deshmukh, H. Hijazi, Z. Ye, M. B. Johnson, A. George, J. R. Dahn, and M. Metzger*, “Impact of Calcium on Air Stability of Na[Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3]O2 Positive Electrode Material for Sodium-ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 170 070514 (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ace55a.

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43.  T. Boetticher, A. Adamson, S. Buechele, E. D. Alter, and M. Metzger*, “Understanding the Self-Discharge Redox Shuttle Mechanism of Dimethyl Terephthalate in Lithium-Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acd8fd.

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42.  L. Hartmann, J. Deshmukh, L. Zhang, and M. Metzger*, “Reversing the Chemical and Structural Changes of Prussian White After Exposure to Humidity to Enable Aqueous Electrode Processing for Sodium-ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 170 030540 (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acc6f5.

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41.  S. Buechele, A. Adamson, A. Eldesoky, T. Boetticher, L. Hartmann, T. Boulanger, S. Azam, M. B. Johnson, T. Taskovic, E. Logan, and Michael Metzger*, “Identification of Redox Shuttle Generated in LFP/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 170 010511 (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acaf44.

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40.  S. Buechele, E. Logan, T. Boulanger, S. Azam, A. Eldesoky, W. Song, M. B. Johnson and Michael Metzger*, “Reversible Self-discharge of LFP/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells Originating from Redox Shuttle Generation”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 170 010518 (2023). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/acb10c.

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39.  M. Metzger* and H. A. Gasteiger, “Diagnosing Battery Degradation via Gas Analysis”, Energy Environ. Mater. 5 288-692 (2022). DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12326.

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38.  P. Sharma, B. Bera, D. Aaron, M. M. Besli, S. Kuppan, L. Cheng, J. Braaten, N. Craig, S. Stewart, M. Metzger, C. Johnston, and M. M. Mench, “Spatially Resolved Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Subjected to Accelerated Aging Conditions”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 169 114506 (2022). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac9ee5.

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37.  E. Lyle,= R. Vaeli,= M. Cormier, and M. Metzger*, “Melt Synthesis of Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate: Part II. Particle Size, Electrochemical Performance, and Solid-State Lithium Diffusion”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169 060527 (2022). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac76e5.

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36.  E. Lyle,= R. Vaeli,= A. Dutta, and M. Metzger*, “Melt Synthesis of Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate: Part I. Composition, Physical Properties, Structural Analysis, and Charge/Discharge Cycling”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169 060526 (2022). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac76e4.

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35.  T. Boulanger, A. Eldesoky, S. Buechele, T. Taskovic, S. Azam, C. Aiken, E. Logan, and M. Metzger*, “Investigation of Redox Shuttle Generation in LFP/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169 040518 (2022). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac62c6.

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34.  C. P. Aiken, E. R. Logan, A. Eldesoky, H. Hebecker, J. M. Oxner, J. E. Harlow, M. Metzger, and J. R. Dahn, “Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 as a Superior Alternative to LiFePO4 for Long-Lived Low Voltage Li-Ion Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169 050512 (2022). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac67b5.

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33.  A. Eldesoky, M. Bauer, S. Azam, E. Zsoldos, W. Song, R. Weber, S. Hy, M. B. Johnson, M. Metzger, and J. R. Dahn, “A Systematic Study of Electrolyte Additives in Single Crystal and Bimodal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Graphite Pouch Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168 110543 (2021). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac39fc.

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32.  W. Song, J. Harlow, E. Logan, H. Hebecker, M. Coon, L. Molino, M. Johnson, J. Dahn, and M. Metzger*, “A Systematic Study of Electrolyte Additives in Single Crystal and Bimodal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Graphite Pouch Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168 090503 (2021). DOI: 10.1149/ 1945-7111/ac1e55.

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31.  M. M. Besli, S. Kuppan, S. E. Bone, S. Sainio, S. Hellstrom, J. Christensen, and M. Metzger*, “Performance and Lifetime of Intercalative Water Deionization Cells for Mono- and Divalent Ion Removal”, Desalination, 517, 115218 (2021). DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115218.

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30.   M. M. Besli, C. Usubelli, A. Subbaraman, F. Ramezan Pour Safaei, S. Bone, C. Johnson, G. Schneider, F. Beauchaud, N. Ravi, J. Christensen, M. M. Doeff, M. Metzger* and S. Kuppan, “Location Dependent Cobalt Deposition and Lithium Plating in Smartphone Cells upon Long-Term Cycling Visualized by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence”, Chem. Mater., 33, 16, 6318-6328 (2021). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00847.

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29.  K. Khedekar, M. R. Talarposhti, M. M. Besli, S. Kuppan, A. Perego, Y. Chen, M. Metzger, S. Stewart, P. Atanassov, N. Tamura, N. Craig, L. Cheng, C. M. Johnston and I. Zenyuk, “Probing Heterogeneous Degradation of Catalyst in PEM Fuel Cells Under Realistic Automotive Conditions with Multi-modal Techniques”, Advanced Energy Materials, 11, 13, 2101794 (2021). DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202101794.

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28.  X. Zhang, M. Klinsmann, S. Chumakov, X. Li, S. U. Kim, M. Metzger, M. M. Besli, R. Klein, C. Linder and J. Christensen, “A Modified Electrochemical Model to Account for Mechanical Effects Due to Lithium Intercalation and External Pressure”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168 (2) 020533 (2021). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/abe16d.

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27.  M. M. Besli, A. Subbaraman, F. Ramezan Pour Safaei, C. Johnston, G. Schneider, N. Ravi, J. Christensen, Y. Liu, M. M. Doeff, M. Metzger* and S. Kuppan, “A Study of Model-Based Protective Fast-Charging and Associated Degradation in Commercial Smartphone Cells: Insights on Cathode Degradation as a Result of Lithium Depositions on the Anode”, Adv. Energy Mater., 11, 12, 2003019 (2021). DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202003019.

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26.  M. Metzger,* P. Walke, S. Solchenbach, G. Salitra, D. Aurbach, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Evaluating the High-Voltage Stability of Conductive Carbon and Ethylene Carbonate with Various Lithium Salts”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167 (16) 160522 (2020). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/abcabd.

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25.  L. Cheng, K. Khedekar, M. R. Talarposhti, A. Perego, M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Stewart, P. Atanassov, N. Tamura, N. Craig, I. Zenyuk, and C. Johnston, “Mapping of Heterogeneous Catalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells”, Adv. Energy Mater., 10 (28) 2000623 (2020). DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202000623.

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24.  C. Usubelli, M. M. Besli, S. Kuppan, N. Jiang, M. Metzger, A. Dinia, J. Christensen, and Y. Gorlin, “Investigation of Overlithiation of NMC622 Cathode via Electrochemistry and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167 (8) 080514 (2020). DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab8a9d.

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23.  M. M. Besli, C. Usubelli, M. Metzger, V. Pande, K. Harry, D. Nordlund, S. Sainio, J. Christensen, M. M. Doeff, and S. Kuppan, “Effect of Liquid Electrolyte Soaking on the Interfacial Resistance of Li7La3Zr2O12 for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12, 18, 20605-20612 (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06194.

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22.  E. Sebti, M. M. Besli, M. Metzger, S. Hellstrom, M. J. Schultz-Neu, J. Alvarado, J. Christensen, M. M. Doeff, S. Kuppan, and C. V. Subban, “Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian Blue Analogue Electrodes for Brackish Water Desalination”, Desalination, 487, 114479 (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479.

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21.  M. Metzger,* M. M. Besli, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, S. Kim, E. Sebti, C. V. Subban, and J. Christensen, “Techno-economic Analysis of Capacitive and Intercalative Water Deionization”, Energy Environ. Sci., 13, 1544-1560 (2020). DOI: 10.1039/D0EE00725K.

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20.  M. M. Besli, C. Usubelli, M. Metzger, S. Hellstrom, S. Sainio, D. Nordlund, J. Christensen, G. Schneider, M. M. Doeff, and S. Kuppan, “Long-term Chemothermal Stability of Delithiated NCA in Polymer Solid-state Batteries”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 27135 (2019). DOI: 10.1039/c9ta11103d.

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19.  M. M. Besli, A. K. Shukla, C. Wei, M. Metzger, J. Alvarado, J. Boell, D. Nordlund, G. Schneider, S. Hellstrom, C. Johnston, J. Christensen, M. M. Doeff, Y. Liu, and S. Kuppan, “Thermally-driven Mesopore Formation and Oxygen Release in Delithiated NCA Cathode Particles”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 12593 (2019). DOI: 10.1039/c9ta01720h.

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18.  J. Sicklinger,= M. Metzger,= H. Beyer, D. Pritzl, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Ambient Storage Derived Surface Contamination of NCM811 and NCM111: Performance Implications and Mitigation Strategies”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166 (12) A2322-A2335 (2019). DOI: 10.1149/2.0011912jes.

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17.  M. M. Besli, S. Xia, S. Kuppan, Y. Huang, M. Metzger, A. K. Shukla, G. Schneider, S. Hellstrom, J. Christensen, M. M. Doeff, and Y. Liu, “Mesoscale Chemomechanical Interplay of the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode in Solid-State Polymer Batteries”, Chem. Mater., 31, 491−501 (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04418.

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16.   S. Solchenbach,= M. Metzger,= M. Egawa, H. Beyer, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Quantification of PF5 and POF3 from Side Reactions of LiPF6 in Li-ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165 (13) A3022-A3028 (2018). DOI: 10.1149/2.0481813jes.

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15.  R. Jung,= M. Metzger,= F. Maglia, C. Stinner, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Chemical vs. Electrochemical Electrolyte Oxidation on NMC111, NMC622, NMC811, LNMO, and Conductive Carbon”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 8, 4820-4825 (2017), DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01927.

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14.  B. Strehle, S. Solchenbach, M. Metzger, and H. A. Gasteiger, “The Effect of CO2 on Alkyl Carbonate Trans-Esterification during Formation of Graphite Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164 (12), A2513-A2526 (2017), DOI: 10.1149/2.1001712jes.

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13.  R. Jung, M. Metzger, F. Maglia, C. Stinner, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Oxygen Evolution and its Effect on the Cycling Stability of LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164 (7), A1361-A1377 (2017), DOI: 10.1149/2.0021707jes.

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12.  H. Beyer, M. Metzger, J. Sicklinger, X. Wu, K. U. Schwenke, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Antimony Doped Tin Oxide–Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Cathode Material in Li-O2 Cells: Implications on the Prospect of Carbon-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164 (6), A1026-A1036 (2017), DOI: 10.1149/2.0441706jes.

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11.  N. Twu, M. Metzger, M. Balasubramanian, C. Marino, X. Li, H. Chen, H. A. Gasteiger, and G. Ceder, “Understanding the Origins of Higher Capacities at Faster Rates in Lithium-Excess LixNi2-4x/3Sbx/3O2”, Chem. Mater., 29 (6), 2584-2593 (2017), DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04691.

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10.  J. Zhu, M. Metzger, M. Antonietti, and T.-P. Fellinger, “Vertically aligned two-dimensional graphene-metal hydroxide hybrid arrays for Li-O2 batteries”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8 (39), 26041-26050 (2016), DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08222.

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9.  R. Jung, M. Metzger, D. Haering, S. Solchenbach, C. Marino, N. Tsiouvaras, C. Stinner, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Consumption of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on Si-C Composite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163 (8), A1705-A1716 (2016), DOI: 10.1149/2.0951608jes.

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8.  M. Metzger,* B. Strehle, S. Solchenbach, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Hydrolysis of Ethylene Carbonate with Water and Hydroxide under Battery Operating Conditions”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163 (7), A1219-A1225 (2016), DOI: 10.1149/2.0411607jes.

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7.  M. Metzger,* B. Strehle, S. Solchenbach, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Origin of H2 Evolution in LIBs: H2O Reduction vs. Electrolyte Oxidation”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163 (5), A798-A809 (2016), DOI: 10.1149/2.1151605jes.

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6.  R. Bernhard, M. Metzger,* and H. A. Gasteiger, “Gas Evolution at Graphite Anodes Depending on Electrolyte Water Content and SEI Quality Studied by On-Line Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (10), A1984-A1989 (2015), DOI: 10.1149/2.0191510jes.

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5.  B. Zhang,= M. Metzger,= S. Solchenbach, M. Payne, S. Meini, H. A. Gasteiger, A. Garsuch, and B. L. Lucht, “Role of 1,3-Propane Sultone and Vinylene Carbonate in Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation and Gas Generation”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, 11337-11348 (2015), DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00072.

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4.  M. Metzger, J. Sicklinger, D. Haering, C. Kavakli, C. Stinner, C. Marino, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Carbon Coating Stability on High-Voltage Cathode Materials in H2O-Free and H2O-Containing Electrolyte”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (7), A1227-A1235 (2015), DOI: 10.1149/2.0461507jes.

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3.  M. Metzger,* C. Marino, J. Sicklinger, D. Haering, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Anodic Oxidation of Conductive Carbon and Ethylene Carbonate in High Voltage Li-Ion Batteries Quantified by On-Line Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (7), A1123-A1134 (2015), DOI: 10.1149/2.0951506jes.

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2.  K. U. Schwenke, M. Metzger, T. Restle, M. Piana, and H. A. Gasteiger, “The Influence of Water and Protons on Li2O2 Crystal Growth in Aprotic Li-O2 Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (4), A573-A584 (2015), DOI: 10.1149/2.0201504jes.

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1.  A. Freiberg, M. Metzger, D. Haering, S. Bretzke, S. Puravankara, T. Nilges, C. Stinner, C. Marino, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Anodic Decomposition of Trimethylboroxine as Additive for High Voltage Li-Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 161 (14), A2255-A2261 (2014), DOI: 10.1149/2.0011501jes.

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Non-refereed Publications

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3.  A. J. Louli and M. Metzger*, “Synergies for Longer Cycle Life”, Nature Energy, 6 (6), 574-575 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00840-7.

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2.  M. Metzger, S. Solchenbach, B. Strehle, N. Tsiouvaras, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Zwischen Anode und Kathode”, Nachrichten aus der Chemie, 65, 645-647 (June 2017), DOI: 10.1002/nadc.20174061283.

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1.  M. Metzger, “The 2016 H. H. Uhlig Summer Research Fellowship–Summary Report: Role of Conducting Salt on Anodic Stability of Conductive Carbon and Ethylene Carbonate in High-Voltage Li-Ion Cells”, Electrochem. Soc. Interface, 25 (4), 104-105 (Winter 2016), DOI: 10.1149/2.F12164if.

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List of Patents

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11.  M. Metzger, S. Kim, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, C. Johnston, N. Craig, and J. Christensen, “Desalination Device Electrode Activation”, US 2021/0039970 A1 (2021).

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10.  S. Kuppan, K. Harry, M. Metzger, N. Craig, and J. Christensen, “Lithium conducting ceramic oxide decontamination method”, US 2020/0212483 A1 (2021).

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9.  M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, N. Craig, C. Johnston, and J. Christensen, “Electrostatic Charging Air Cleaning Device and Collection Electrode”, US 2020/0197953 (2020).

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8.  M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, N. Craig, C. Johnston, and J. Christensen, “Electrostatic Charging Air Cleaning Device”, US 2020/0200408 A1 (2020).

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7.  S. Kim, M. Metzger, J. Mailoa, M. Kornbluth, G. Samsonidze, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, B. Kozinsky, N. Craig, and J. Christensen, “Desalination Device”, US 2020/0399149 A1 (2020).

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6.  S. Kim, J. Mailoa, M. Kornbluth, G. Samsonidze, M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, B. Kozinsky, and N. Craig, “Desalination Electrode”, US 2020/0207646 A1 (2020).

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5.  S. Hellstrom, M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, and J. Christensen, “Intercalation-based Materials and Processes for Softening Water”, US 2020/0148560 A1 (2021).

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4.  S. Kim, J. Mailoa, M. Kornbluth, G. Samsonidze, M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, B. Kozinsky, and N. Craig, “Voltage-Controlled Anion Exchange Membrane Enabling Selective Ion Affinities for Water Desalination and Device Containing the Same”, US 2020/0131058 A1 (2020).

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3.  S. Kim, M. Kornbluth, J. Mailoa, G. Samsonidze, M. Metzger, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, B. Kozinsky, and N. Craig, “Anion Insertion Electrode Materials for Desalination Water Cleaning Device”, US 2020/0123028 A1 (2020).

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2.  L. Cheng, S. Kuppan, S. Hellstrom, M. Metzger, Y. Huang, T. Palmer, and H. Eitouni, “A High-energy Cathode Material with Oxy-fluoride Surfaces for Aqueous Processing”, WO/2020/068134 (2020).

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1.  M. Metzger, H. Beyer, J. Sicklinger, D. Pritzl, B. Strehle, H. Gasteiger, H. Sclar, E. Erickson, F. A. Susai, J. Grinblat, D. Aurbach, B. Markovsky, “Process for Making a Cathode Active Material for a Lithium Ion Battery”, WO/2019/002116 (2019).